If you are involved in logistics and transportation, understanding the difference between an Airway Bill (AWB) and a Bill of Lading (BL) is essential. These documents may seem similar, but they serve different purposes depending on whether you are shipping by air or sea.
Bill of lading (BL)
A Bill of Lading (BL) is a negotiable document used in sea freight. It contains the type, quantity, and destination of goods being shipped. The BL also serves as a receipt of shipment once the goods have been loaded onto the vessel.
The Bill of Lading is important for both shipper and receiver because it:
- Serves as a contract between the two parties
- Details liability in case of damage or loss during transit
- States who is responsible for the cargo while in transit
- Functions as a document of title, meaning it can be used to transfer ownership of the goods
What To Include in a Bill of Lading? Shipping Documents Explained!
When preparing a Bill of Lading, you need to include the following details:
Basic information:
- Shipper’s name and address
- Receiver’s name and address
- Port of loading and discharge
- Vessel name
- Number of originals and copies issued
- Shipping line details (company name, nationality, markings)
- Whether the Bill of Lading is clean (goods received in proper condition) or unclean
Description of goods:
- Type of goods
- Quantity
- Unit of measure
Shipping terms and conditions:
- Terms of shipment (FOB, CFR, CIP, etc.). (For more details on this subject, read our blog about ‘’Understanding the different incoterms’’ )
- Carrier’s liability for damage or loss
- Any special handling instructions
Airway BILL (AWB)
For air shipments, an Airway Bill (AWB) is required. This document records the contract of carriage between the shipper and the airline. The AWB also confirms that the goods have been handed over to the carrier in good condition.
Unlike the Bill of Lading, an Airway Bill is non-negotiable and does not represent ownership of the goods.
An AWB serves as:
- Proof of receipt for shipments
- A non-negotiable contract of carriage between shipper and airline
- A tracking document (using the AWB number)
Differences Between Airway Bill and Bill of Lading
| Feature | Airway Bill (AWB) | Bill of Lading (B/L) |
| Mode of transport | Air freight | Sea freight |
| Title document | No | Yes |
| Negotiable | No | Yes |
| Issued by | Airline or agent | Ocean carrier or agent |
| Tracking | AWB number | BL number |
An Example
Imagine you are exporting fresh flowers from Amsterdam to Shanghai. Since flowers are highly perishable, transit time is important. In this case, you would ship them by air freight and use an AWB. The AWB ensures the goods are quickly tracked and delivered, but since it is not a negotiable document, there is no need to transfer ownership during transit.
On the other hand, suppose you are shipping a container of machinery parts from Rotterdam to Singapore. This is a longer journey by sea freight, and the goods may change from owner before reaching the final buyer. Hence, a BL is used. The BL not only serves as proof of shipment but also acts as a document of title,allowing the ownership of goods to be transferred while they are still at sea.
This shows how the choice between an AWB and a BL depends on both the mode of transport and the nature of the transaction.
Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)
1. What is the difference between an Airway Bill and a Bill of Lading?
An Airway Bill (AWB) is used in air freight and serves as a non-negotiable contract of carriage and proof of receipt. A Bill of Lading (BL) is used in sea freight, is negotiable, and can act as a document of title, allowing ownership of the goods to be transferred during transit.
2. Is an Airway Bill a title document?
No, an Airway Bill is not a title document. It cannot be used to transfer ownership of goods. It is only proof of the shipping contract and receipt of cargo. In contrast, a Bill of Lading is a title document and can be endorsed or transferred between parties.
3. Who issues a Bill of Lading?
A Bill of Lading is issued by the ocean carrier or their agent. It confirms that the goods have been loaded onto the vessel and outlines the terms of the transport agreement.
4. Can you track shipments with an Airway Bill?
Yes, every Airway Bill has a unique AWB number that allows shippers and consignees to track their air cargo in real time. Similarly, sea shipments can be tracked using the BL number.
At MN Logistics
Understanding the differences between an Airway Bill and Bill of Lading is crucial for smooth and efficient logistics management. Each serves a specific role depending on the mode of transport.
Need support with your next shipment? Contact MN Logistics today for tailored logistics solutions.